Ethics and Integrity: Home

"This article [explains] how a teaching games for understanding approach advocated by Thorpe, Bunker, & Almond (1986) has led to the development of a tactical framework and player decision-making model for teaching net/wall games."

"The 4Rs model helps players focus their attention on the play situation to move more effectively in order to select the right stroke and strike the ball effectively in the hitting zone."

"Although there is no systematic ways of decision making in sports for decision making agents such as coaches, athletes, and referees, there are some characteristics that
seem general enough to take away from these fields. This article is to identify these features, then relate them to the methods applied to study decisions in sports by mostly focusing on coaches and athletes."

"When teaching games it is hard to separate skills from tactics, in reality the tactical use of skills is the essence of effective game playing. After analyzing a TGFU approach from a skill-progression and tactical progression perspectives, this paper will draw on skill acquisition theories of information processing and dynamic systems to show how a TGFU and skill focused approaches influence student learning. The paper will conclude with recommendations for games teaching framed in a tactic-to-skill perspective."

" By exposing children and youth to the primary rules, fundamental skills, and tactical problems associated with each category, they become literate in a variety of games, activities and sports and develop an understanding and competency of the skills and tactics associated with playing sports."

*Download the full text PDF
"This paper will review the literature of TGfU. There are four categories of games: net/court, invasion, striking/fielding and target games."

"...when new anti-doping tests are implemented, overall world best performances decrease as the effects of certain performance enhancing drugs become detectable, and are therefore avoided by athletes (Schumacher and Pottgiesser, 2009). These findings raise the possibility that performance monitoring can be useful for anti-doping efforts"

"...Existing anti-doping strategies involve either the direct detection of use of banned substances, or abnormal variation in metabolites or biological markers related to their use. As the aim of any doping regime is to enhance athlete competitive performance, it is interesting to consider whether performance data could be used within the fight against doping."

A basic overview of the history of steroid abuse in sports.

"The EAP would like that every child, throughout his or her childhood years and into young adulthood, can fully participate in sports in a safe environment where winning is playing and
playing is winning."

"The extent and implications of muscle building protein supplement use among adolescents is relatively unknown. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of protein powder, creatine, and anabolic steroid use in a sample of 14–16 year-old boys in Australia, and the predictors of actual use, and intentions to use protein powder."

"The use of certain performance-enhancing drugs (PED) is banned in sport. I discuss critically standard justifications of the ban based on arguments from two widely used criteria: fairness and harms to health. I argue that these arguments on their own are inadequate, and only make sense within a normative understanding of athletic performance and the value of sport."

"The article presents an argument for banning steroids and performance enhancing drugs in professional sports. The author argues that the use of these drugs is dangerous, unsportsmanlike, and a form of cheating. Australian government policy regarding drug use in sports and the use of performance enhancing drugs by children are discussed."

"Although performance-enhancing drugs appear to be prevalent in adolescent sports, relatively little attention has been paid to why adolescent athletes decide to use these drugs. In this study, we examine doping among adolescents from a motivational perspective and explore how motivational variables, such as achievement goal orientations and the perceived self-determination of sports activities, may be related to moral attitudes, doping intentions and doping behavior in adolescents who participate in competitive sports."

"General information regarding steroids and performance enhancing drugs is presented. The author reviews the use of steroids by professional athletes, the call to legalise performance enhancing drugs, and the side effects connected with their use. Drug testing in Australia, the use of steroids among teenage athletes, and the concept of fair play are discussed."

"The author addresses the ethics of performance enhancing drug use in sport. Topics discussed include the fair opportunity principle in sport, the distinction between acceptable and unacceptable means of enhancing sport performance, and the ideal natural athletic performance. Also mentioned are the world Anti-Doping Agency's description of the spirit of sport, and the biological and ethical distinction between training and doping."

"Participation in sport and physical activity could minimise the inflated risk of poor physical health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents. This review aimed to synthesise existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding barriers and facilitators to physical activity and sports participation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children"
*Includes a discussion about gender barriers to participation in sport

"This study employs a spatial analysis to critically examine gender relations within an Australian football and netball community sports club that has sought to address gender inequity and promote the participation of women across the club. Notable changes included increased female representation in the club’s decision-making structures, growing numbers of female members, and the establishment of a women’s and girls’ football section."

"This article will focus on the history and implications of gender-verification testing and gender policy on notions of “fair play” and athlete eligibility."

"Eight peak Australian sporting bodies have unveiled guidelines for the inclusion for transgender people in their sports...AFL, Hockey Australia, Netball Australia, Rugby Australia, Tennis Australia, Touch Football Australia, UniSport Australia and Water Polo Australia have committed to landmark transgender inclusion measures."

"Participation in sports and physical activity (PA) is a critical resource for children's health and social development. This study analyzes how the parental socioeconomic status (SES) of children and adolescents affects their PA in sports clubs (organized sports) and outside of sports clubs (unorganized sports) and tests whether the potential impact of parental SES is mediated by the opportunity structure of their residential area (walkability, infrastructure, etc.) and by family and peer support for PA. Furthermore, PA is analyzed respecting differences by gender and migration background"
*This research also looks at gender as a factor of sports participation.

"In this interview, disabilities activist and commissioner of the Alternative Baseball Organization (ABO) Taylor Duncan relates his life as a student with autism and other special needs.... he stresses the importance to empowering people with special needs and providing them with chances to showcase themselves as mature and full-fledged members of society."

"The purpose of this article was to provide implementation strategies for inclusion of students with disabilities into physical education opportunities and extracurricular athletics"

"Although the promotion of social inclusion through sports has received increased attention with other disadvantaged groups, this is not the case for children and adults with intellectual disability who experience marked social isolation. The study evaluated the outcomes from one sports programme with particular reference to the processes that were perceived to enhance social inclusion."

"Inspired by ideas of able-mindedness, this study explored athletes’ experiences of participation in disability sports. The athletes included were active members in sports clubs targeting people with intellectual disability. The study focused on their perspectives on and understanding of participation, as well as on their accounts of positioning and self-identification, in disability sports."

"Training in elite sport aims at the optimization of the athletic performance, and to control the athletes' progress in physiological, anthropometrical and motor performance prerequisites. However, in most sports, the value of longitudinal testing is unclear. This study evaluates the longitudinal development and the influence of intense training over 2-years on specific physiological performance prerequisites, as well as certain body dimensions and motor abilities in elite youth athlete"

This is referred to in your text p. 137

"Practitioners who work with school-age youth should be aware of the age-related changes that typically take place during a child's development to ensure that their strength and conditioning programming is as safe and effective as possible for enhancing performance and reducing injury risk."

"Sport specialisation is becoming increasingly common among youth and adolescent athletes in the USA and many have raised concern about this trend. Although research on sport specialisation has grown significantly, numerous pressing questions remain pertaining to short-term and long-term effects of specialisation on the health and well-being of youth, including the increased risk of overuse injury and burnout"

" Several sports demand an early start into long-term athlete development (LTAD) because peak performances are achieved at a relatively young age (e.g., gymnastics). However, the challenging combination of high training volumes and academic demands may impede youth athletes' cognitive and academic performances."

" The primary goal [of this research] was to examine the influence of early specialization on the performance of senior elite swimmers."

"There are three great myths of developing and identifying high performers that the research exposed..."

"Whether it’s from self-interest—maintaining Sport’s talent pool—or in the national interest—a healthier, happier and more productive society—as a sector, we have to turn around, look outside at a changing world and respond. That’s what the Sport New Zealand Community Sport strategy is about...and that’s what this document is about. It outlines Sport New Zealand’s plan for ensuring developing athletes realise their potential. "

"Medaling in the Olympics requires outstanding physical ability and rigorous training. But sometimes that's not even enough. Particularly in the Winter Games, technology-flawlessly designed for speed and safety--can mean the difference between standing on the podium and watching from the stands. To prepare for the 2014 Games in Sochi, Russia, the U.S. team worked with scientists and engineers to develop a suite of high-performance gear, giving athletes the edge they need to bring home the gold."

"Rayvon Fouché argues that sports have been radically shaped by an explosion of scientific and technological advances in materials, training, nutrition, and medicine dedicated to making athletes stronger and faster."

"...amid the technology and pharmacy, is there any room left for pure, unadulterated sporting greatness?"

"Different educational approaches that aim to achieve a culture of ethics and integrity in sport have been designed and implemented. Recently, whistleblowing has been promoted as a useful means in the fight against corruption in sport."

"This study examines the nature and incidences of occupational fraud in community sport organisations (CSOs) as reported in media coverage from Australia, Canada, Germany, and the United States from 2008−2018."

"One of the main obstacles to detect undesirable conducts such as manipulation of games and
competitions, and to combat corrupt behaviour in the sports world is the existence of the so-called “code
of silence” among the sport's actors."

"Match-fixing has a long history, but while use of drugs in sport has a substantial secondary literature, match-fixing has only recently begun to attract the attention of historians."

"How does match-fixing, or other unfair manipulation of matches, that involves under-performance by players, or refereeing and umpiring that prevents fair competition, be thought of in ethical terms?"

"What precisely is sport integrity and why is match fixing a threat to it? Is match fixing a sufficiently inclusive concept for the many activities that fall under the notion of sport integrity, or is event manipulation a more conceptually satisfactory alternative? How serious is such manipulation? When should the different varieties of manipulation attract attention from sports authorities and when should criminal law apply?"

"What actions can be considered moral in lopsided contests?"

"Athletics Australia expects that all athletes, coaches and team staff sign and abide by the Athletics Australia Code of Conduct when they are members of an Australian team, in a team camp, or when they are a member of an Athletics Australia Squad."

"Play fair or play to win. The interests of an individual player versus the team. Bad leaders who get good results.
These are just some of the common ethical tensions occurring throughout elite Australian sport. And they lead to corruption"

"The Ethics Centre (TEC) has often been called upon to assist sporting organisations with ethical crisis"

A hyperlinked list of all their policies, procedures & guidelines documents.

"Building the capacity and capability of sport to provide safe, ethical and inclusive sporting environments"

"This document contains free resources for teachers, coaches, students and parents that
cover key sport integrity and anti-doping topics."